{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:37:26Z","timestamp":1774067846434,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\u201002010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\u201002010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Cancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200889PjF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200889PjF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAB\/2018\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAB\/2018\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite advances in early detection and treatment strategies, breast cancer recurrence and mortality remain a significant health issue. Recent insights suggest the prognostic potential of microscopically healthy mammary gland, in the vicinity of the breast lesion. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the gene expression profiles in these tissues and their relationship to patient outcomes remain missing. Furthermore, the increasing trend towards breast\u2010conserving surgery may inadvertently lead to the retention of existing cancer\u2010predisposing mutations within the normal mammary gland. This study assessed the transcriptomic profiles of 242 samples from 83 breast cancer patients with unfavorable outcomes, including paired uninvolved mammary gland samples collected at varying distances from primary lesions. As a reference, control samples from 53 mammoplasty individuals without cancer history were studied. A custom panel of 634 genes linked to breast cancer progression and metastasis was employed for expression profiling, followed by whole\u2010transcriptome verification experiments and statistical analyses to discern molecular signatures and their clinical relevance. A distinct gene expression signature was identified in uninvolved mammary gland samples, featuring key cellular components encoding keratins, CDH1, CDH3, EPCAM cell adhesion proteins, matrix metallopeptidases, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, along with crucial genes (\n                    <jats:italic>FOXA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>RAB25<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NRG1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SPDEF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TRIM29<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>GABRP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) having dual roles in cancer. Enrichment analyses revealed disruptions in epithelial integrity, cell adhesion, and estrogen signaling. This signature, named KAOS for Keratin\u2010Adhesion\u2010Oncogenes\u2010Suppressors, was significantly associated with reduced tumor size but increased mortality rates. Integrating molecular assessment of non\u2010malignant mammary tissue into disease management could enhance survival prediction and facilitate personalized patient care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T05:04:10Z","timestamp":1717823050000},"page":"1616-1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prelude to malignancy: A gene expression signature in normal mammary gland from breast cancer patients suggests pre\u2010tumorous alterations and is associated with adverse outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Andreou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3P\u2010Medicine Laboratory Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gda\u0144sk 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Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Las\u2010Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier\u2019s Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University  Bydgoszcz Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Oncology Center\u2010Prof Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Ba\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier\u2019s Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University  Bydgoszcz Poland"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology Oncology Center\u2010Prof Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Memorial Hospital  Bydgoszcz Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Breast Cancer and Reconstructive 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