{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:56:23Z","timestamp":1792032983782,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease known to be associated with human papillomavirus\u2010independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Evidence on the association with other types of cancer, however, is sparce. We conducted a large nationwide cohort study examining the incidence of non\u2010vulvar cancers among women with biopsy\u2010verified VLS compared with the general female population. By using the nationwide Pathology Registry, we identified all women in Denmark with a biopsy\u2010verified VLS diagnosis during 1978\u20132019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916,921). The cohort was followed up in the Danish Cancer Registry until 2022 for a subsequent non\u2010vulvar cancer diagnosis. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as relative risk estimates of all specific non\u2010vulvar cancer sites. Compared with general female population rates, women with biopsy\u2010verified VLS had decreased rates of several non\u2010vulvar cancers, including HPV\u2010related cancers (combined estimate: SIR\u2009=\u20090.5; 95% CI: 0.3\u20130.7), and lung (SIR\u2009=\u20090.6; 95% CI: 0.5\u20130.7), liver (SIR\u2009=\u20090.5; 95% CI: 0.2\u20130.9), and thyroid cancer (SIR\u2009=\u20090.5; 95% CI: 0.3\u20130.9). The decreased SIRs tended to sustain throughout the follow\u2010up period following the VLS diagnosis. This large nationwide cohort study shows that women with biopsy\u2010verified VLS may have a long\u2010term reduced risk of developing HPV\u2010related (cervical, vaginal, oropharyngeal, and anal) and smoking\u2010associated cancers (lung, liver, and cervical) as well as thyroid cancer. Future studies focusing on the mechanisms behind the decreased cancer risk are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T04:59:41Z","timestamp":1721192381000},"page":"1714-1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biopsy\u2010verified vulvar lichen sclerosus and the risk of non\u2010vulvar cancer: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Kaderly Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1679-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Gerd","family":"Hannibal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Hertzum\u2010Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne K.","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Baandrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Zealand University Hospital  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1106318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34927"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Lichen Sclerosus\u2010incidence and comorbidity: a Nationwide Swedish Register study","volume":"13","author":"Gulin SJ","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01335-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus in 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