{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:58:20Z","timestamp":1777420700392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008700","name":"Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer has been linked to low B\u2010vitamin status. We conducted matched nested case\u2013control studies of incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC; 340 case\u2013control pairs) and gastric cancer (GC; 352 case\u2013control pairs) within the Golestan Cohort Study. The primary exposure was plasma biomarkers: riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (vitamin B2), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (B6), cobalamin (B12), para\u2010aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) (folate), and total homocysteine (tHcy); and indicators for deficiency: 3\u2010hydroxykyurenine\u2010ratio (HK\u2010r for vitamin B6) and methylmalonic acid (MMA for B12). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression adjusting for matching factors and potential confounders. High proportions of participants had low B\u2010vitamin and high tHcy levels. None of the measured vitamin B levels was associated with the risk of ESCC and GC, but elevated level of MMA was marginally associated with ESCC (OR\u2009=\u20091.42, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.99\u20132.04) and associated with GC (OR\u2009=\u20091.53, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20132.22). Risk of GC was higher for the highest versus lowest quartile of HK\u2010r (OR\u2009=\u20091.95, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.19\u20133.21) and for elevated versus non\u2010elevated HK\u2010r level (OR\u2009=\u20091.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.13\u20132.25). Risk of ESCC (OR\u2009=\u20092.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.54\u20135.13) and gastric cancer (OR\u2009=\u20092.09, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.17\u20133.73) was higher for the highest versus lowest quartile of tHcy. In conclusion, insufficient vitamin B12 was associated with higher risk of ESCC and GC, and insufficient vitamin B6 status was associated with higher risk of GC in this population with prevalent low plasma B\u2010vitamin status. Higher level of tHcy, a global indicator of OCM function, was associated with higher risk of ESCC and GC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T13:00:42Z","timestamp":1723035642000},"page":"1944-1957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["One\u2010carbon metabolism biomarkers and upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Golestan Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maki","family":"Inoue\u2010Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal D.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Etemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hashemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0518-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Section, Genomic Epidemiology International Agency for Research on Cancer  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Roshandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Golestan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Golestan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farin","family":"Kamangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences Morgan State University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taghi","family":"Amiriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Golestan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Golestan University of Medical Sciences  Golestan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Dawsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology 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