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We considered dietary factor\u2010cancer type pairs for which the World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research \u2013 Continuous Update Project reported either \u2018convincing\u2019 or \u2018probable\u2019 evidence of causal association. Relative risks were retrieved from recent meta\u2010analyses and dietary intakes (around 2005) from a national food consumption survey. Sex\u2010specific population attributable fractions (PAFs) were computed by comparing the distribution of dietary intakes in the Italian population against counterfactual scenarios based on dietary recommendations. Using data from national cancer and mortality registries in 2020, we estimated the number of attributable cancer cases and deaths, assuming ~15\u2010year lag period. Unhealthy diet accounted for 6.3% (95% CI: 2.5%\u20139.9%) of all cancer cases in men and 4.5% (95% CI: 1.7%\u20137.4%) in women. PAFs of colorectal cancer were 10.5% and 7.0% for any intake of processed meat, 3.3% and 2.0% for high red meat, 4.8% and 4.3% for low dairy products, and 7.9% and 9.0% for low fiber intakes in men and women, respectively. PAFs for low intake of non\u2010starchy vegetables and fruit ranged from 0.8% to 16.5% in men and 0.6%\u201317.8% in women for cancers of the aerodigestive tract. 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Maccacaro\u201d University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Malvezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Parazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Department of Excellence 2023\u20132027 University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Department of Excellence 2023\u20132027, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology \u201cG.A. 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