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This study aims to explore the feasibility of multi\u2010parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating TILs and to develop an evaluation model that considers spatial heterogeneity. Multi\u2010parametric MRI was performed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mice (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928). Three\u2010dimensional (3D) printing was employed for tissue sampling, to match the multi\u2010parametric MRI data with tumor tissues, followed by flow cytometry analysis and next\u2010generation RNA\u2010sequencing. Pearson's correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were utilized to model TIL\u2010related MRI parameters. MRI quantitative parameters, including T1 relaxation times and perfusion, were correlated with the infiltration of leukocytes, T\u2010cells, CD4+ T\u2010cells, CD8+ T\u2010cells, PD1\u2009+\u2009CD8+ T\u2010cells, B\u2010cells, macrophages, and regulatory T\u2010cells (correlation coefficients ranged from \u22120.656 to 0.482, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.05) in tumor tissues. TILs were clustered into inflamed and non\u2010inflamed subclasses, with the proportion of T\u2010cells, CD8+ T\u2010cells, and PD1\u2009+\u2009CD8+ T\u2010cells significantly higher in the inflamed group compared to the non\u2010inflamed group (43.37% vs. 25.45%, 50.83% vs. 34.90%, 40.45% vs. 29.47%, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;.001). The TIL evaluation model, based on the Z\u2010score combining Kep and T1post, was able to distinguish between these subgroups, yielding an area under the curve of 0.816 (95% confidence interval 0.721\u20130.910) and a cut\u2010off value of \u22120.03 (sensitivity 68.4%, specificity 91.3%). Additionally, the Z\u2010score was related to the gene expression of T\u2010cell activation, chemokine production, and cell adhesion. The tissue\u2010matched analysis of multi\u2010parametric MRI offers a feasible method of regional evaluation and can distinguish between TIL subclasses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T11:41:18Z","timestamp":1733398878000},"page":"1634-1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue\u2010matched analysis of <scp>MRI<\/scp> evaluating the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 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