{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:40:06Z","timestamp":1790822406165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261200800001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261200800001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen years after the licensure of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus\u2010like\u2010particle vaccines, a defined antibody level that correlates with vaccine\u2010induced protection against HPV infections and associated neoplasia is missing. In contrast, correlates of protection have been defined for many viral vaccines, including for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. This review includes lessons learned from vaccination against HBV and the use of an established protective HBV surface antigen antibody level: 10\u2009mIU\/mL, an overview of HPV infection\u2010induced and HPV vaccine\u2010induced antibody responses, successful efforts to establish international standardization of serological reagents and associated tools, and 15\u2010year vigilance of HPV vaccine\u2010induced antibody levels in a vaccination cohort against breakthrough infections. This report identifies progress but also gaps on the journey toward the definition of a HPV vaccine\u2010induced correlate of protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1739459078000},"page":"1848-1857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Scientific approaches to defining <scp>HPV<\/scp> vaccine\u2010induced protective immunity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Lehtinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vaccines Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Center for Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination@Vaccinopolis Universiteit Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Beddows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Reference Department, Public Health Microbiology Division UK Health Security Agency  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPV Serology Laboratory Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research  Frederick Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Mariz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infections and Cancer Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9065-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penelope","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8588-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joakim","family":"Dillner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cervical Cancer Elimination, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Public assessment report.2006. Accessed February 6 2025.https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/PDFs\/EPAR\/gardasil\/European"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Public assessment report.2007. Accessed February 6 2025.https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/PDFs\/EPAR\/cervarix\/European"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine among children under 5\u2009years in Africa: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"58","author":"Olakunde BO","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1274473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.29617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1801076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.11.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541\u2010024\u201000941\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30873-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90585-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03080070025007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)90926-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1993.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","volume-title":"Monitoring the Responses to Hepatitis B and C Epidemics in the EU\/EEA Member States","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccines","volume":"92","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"Van Damme P","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1081107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.5.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07239-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Paediatric Vaccines and Vaccination","author":"Van Damme P","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(96)00062-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00131-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31827bd1b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01646879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protection against viral hepatitis: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP)","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00479-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices","volume":"67","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161477"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(10)60685-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"Accessed July 9 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/hepatitis\/elimination-of-hepatitis-by-2030#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","unstructured":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV.viral hepatitis and STI prevention diagnosis treatment and care for key populations. Accessed July 9 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/97892400523902024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","unstructured":"Accessed July 9 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/guidelines"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","volume-title":"The European Vaccine Action Plan (2015\u20132020): Final Report","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1694396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10060837"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-023-00546-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.11.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00779-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706380200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45807-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541\u2010024\u201000896\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00949-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2023.113585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"WHO Manual for the Preparation of Reference Materials for Use as Secondary Standards in Antibody Testing. Report No.: 1043","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00306-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00586-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-060301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00287-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1362770"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541\u2010020\u20100165\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00306-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214\u2010109x(22)00309\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541\u2010022\u201000431\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541\u2010023\u201000628\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70287-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00414-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2024.100486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies (Statistics for Biology and Health)","author":"Halloran ME","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06093-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.019349-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","volume-title":"Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Problem","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34839"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.35345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T14:54:28Z","timestamp":1743864868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.35345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.35345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.35345","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}