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This population\u2010based cohort study includes Scandinavian nationwide registry data on liveborn children (1996\u20132018). Children were followed from birth until CNS tumor (&lt;20\u2009years) or censoring (other cancer, emigration, death, 20th birthday, or end of follow\u2010up in 2017\u20132020). Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between maternal hormonal contraception use (any type, type\u2010specific) and CNS tumor risk (any, any malignant, type\u2010specific). Maternal use was categorized as \u201crecent use\u201d (0\u20133\u2009months before or during pregnancy, except for non\u2010oral progestin\u2010only types), \u201cprevious use\u201d (before recent use), and \u201cno use\u201d. A total of 3,183,316 children were followed for 29,455,528 person\u2010years, during which time 1384 children developed a CNS tumor (610 malignant). Compared with no use, maternal previous or recent use of any hormonal contraception (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82\u20131.05; HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83\u20131.19), combined and progestin\u2010only types (oral, non\u2010oral), were not associated with childhood CNS tumor risk. However, maternal recent progestin\u2010only injection use was associated with malignant childhood CNS tumors (HR 3.95, 95CI % 1.46\u201310.68), compared with no use (number needed to harm: 1 per 14,577 person\u2010years). In conclusion, no association was found between maternal use of common types of hormonal contraception and CNS tumors in children. The rarely used progestin\u2010only injections (medroxyprogesterone acetate) were associated with malignant CNS tumor risk in children, though based on few children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:51:12Z","timestamp":1749102672000},"page":"1557-1565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and childhood central nervous system tumor risk in a large Scandinavian cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline H.","family":"Hemmingsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne K.","family":"Kjaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Hjorth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0396-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrika","family":"N\u00f6rby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Medical Care Administration Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Mathiasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juliane Marie Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Wessel","family":"Skovlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Medicine, Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-4749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarit K.","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Analytics, Knowledge Brokers Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Teratology Information Service, Emergency Medicine and Services University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6361-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hedvig","family":"Nordeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Child Health and Development Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6506-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina S.","family":"M\u00f8rch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Medicine, Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6821-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Hargreave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Long\u2010term follow\u2010up of pediatric CNS tumor survivors\u2010a selection of relevant long\u2010term issues","volume":"9","author":"Otth M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2020.1725239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.Pharmaceuticals. 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