{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:45:52Z","timestamp":1787928352896,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Screening for and treatment of anal cancer precursor lesions, high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), can prevent anal cancer. Recent guidelines set by the International Anal Neoplasia Society recommend digital anal rectal examination (DARE) and anal swab\u2010based screening of high\u2010risk individuals by means of high\u2010risk (hr)HPV testing or cytology. We used our biobank containing data of more than 600 high\u2010resolution anoscopy (HRA) screened participants (94% men with HIV) to compare the possible screening algorithms. We selected the 298 screening participants in whom anal swabs were successfully tested for hrHPV and cytology, parallel to HRA screening (DARE followed by complete visual inspection by HRA). We compared outcomes of several strategies (single\u2010test, co\u2010testing, two\u2010step testing) with one or two positive tests required for HRA referral, resulting in 20 possible screening algorithms. We also assessed the sensitivity of DARE to detect anal cancer. We found that the percentage of missed HSIL was lowest with hrHPV testing, either alone (14.2%) or combined with cytology (\u2265ASCUS threshold: 4.4%; HSIL threshold: 8.8%) (co\u2010testing or two\u2010step testing, with \u22651 positive test required for HRA referral). Using these screening algorithms, 61.0 %, 79.0 %, and 63.7% of the participants were referred for HRA. While in some scenarios a small percentage of cancers was missed, all were detected by DARE. Whatever strategy is chosen, screening outcomes will have to be monitored closely to evaluate the program and make adaptations when necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T14:24:40Z","timestamp":1754403880000},"page":"2259-2268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Swab\u2010based anal cancer screening in men living with <scp>HIV<\/scp>: Projected outcomes for different screening algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9597-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Rozemeijer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Imaging and Biomarkers  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0546-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Dias Gon\u00e7alves Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Imaging and Biomarkers  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther J.","family":"Kuyvenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J. C.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Sexual Health, Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2327-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renske D. M.","family":"Steenbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cancer Center Amsterdam Imaging and Biomarkers  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan M.","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs L.","family":"Siegenbeek van Heukelom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33185"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"The increasing incidence of anal cancer: can it be explained by trends in risk groups?","volume":"71","author":"Zee RP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00368-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000256"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae627"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.16.2114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21521"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa397"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12926"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-3710"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03195-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35185"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28963"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70080-3"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T15:46:20Z","timestamp":1759592780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.70046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.70046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.70046","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}