{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:32:17Z","timestamp":1787297537364,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032579","name":"Beijing Medical Award Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YXJL\u20102022\u20100391\u20100060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YXJL\u20102022\u20100391\u20100060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options, especially after failure of initial therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti\u2010angiogenic agents have emerged as promising options for relapsed SCLC. This observational study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs plus anti\u2010angiogenic therapy for relapsed SCLC patients, and to identify potential prognostic indicators. A single\u2010center cohort of SCLC patients treated with ICIs plus anti\u2010angiogenic therapy or anti\u2010angiogenic monotherapy after first\u2010line treatment was established. Efficacy and safety were compared between the two treatment modalities. The endpoints included progression\u2010free survival (PFS), overall survival, disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate, and adverse events (AEs). Prognostic biomarkers, including clinicopathological parameters, plasma proteomics, and extracellular vesicle (EV) membrane proteins, were evaluated using blood samples taken before and after two cycles of combination therapy. The observation and control groups comprised 40 and 21 patients. Baseline information was comparable. Combination therapy significantly improved PFS (4.0 vs. 2.7\u2009months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.029) and DCR (77.5% vs. 52.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.044). Safety profiles were comparable between groups, with low rates of severe AEs. Four clinicopathological factors (liver metastases, baseline NSE levels, smoking history, and sex) and eight plasma proteins were associated with PFS and therapy response. EV membrane protein interleukin\u201012 was identified as a promising poor\u2010prognosis biomarker. ICIs plus anti\u2010angiogenic therapy showed promising efficacy and safety for relapsed SCLC, outperforming anti\u2010angiogenic monotherapy. Clinicopathological factors and blood\u2010based biomarkers have shown potential to predict PFS and response to combination treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T09:36:36Z","timestamp":1756719396000},"page":"666-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti\u2010angiogenic therapy as second\u2010 or further\u2010line treatment for small cell lung cancer: Efficacy, safety, and prognostic biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-5590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuquan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingsheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Oncology National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic 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