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Since taller stature is associated with increased cancer risk and men are, on average, taller than women, we investigated to what extent adult body height, as a proxy for stem cell number, explains the elevated cancer risk in men. This population\u2010based cohort study linked adult height information from Swedish conscripts, mothers, and passports to the National Cancer and Cause of Death Registers (1960\u20132011). We used mediation survival analysis to estimate the proportion of the association between male sex and site\u2010specific cancer risk mediated by adult height, our main outcome. Statistical significance was assessed using two\u2010sided tests with a .05 significance level. Among 6,156,659 adults, we observed 285,778 non\u2010sex\u2010specific cancer cases. Male sex was significantly associated with cancer risk at 33 of 39 sites, and greater height with increased risk at 27 of 39 sites. Height mediated 0.5%\u2013100% of the excess male cancer risk, with the highest proportions for salivary gland cancer, colon cancer, melanoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. The effects of height and its mediated effect were most consistent for malignancies with weak or no established environmental risk factors. These findings indicate that a substantial proportion of the excess cancer risk in men may be explained by height. This highlights the role of stochastic biological processes linked to height, as well as genetic and early\u2010life determinants of height, in contributing to sex differences in cancer risk, beyond influences of adult lifestyle and environmental exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T15:05:09Z","timestamp":1756220709000},"page":"597-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Body height and the excess cancer risk in men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0683-1537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Radkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm 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