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Doppel, a prion\u2010like protein, expresses in the male reproductive organ but is absent in female reproductive systems and healthy tissues, but plays an important role in neo\u2010angiogenesis. Here, we have shown two platforms, soluble Doppel in sera\/ascites and Doppel expressed in circulating tumor cells (\n                    <jats:sup>Dpl+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CTC) in the whole blood, to detect subsets of epithelial OC (EOC). Increased levels of Doppel in the sera of OC patients, in three different cohorts, confirm Doppel as an OC\u2010specific biomarker. Serum Doppel levels can distinguish OC with high sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.91 and specificity\u2009=\u20090.89) and can also detect early\u2010stage HGSOCs (FIGO stages I and II) from non\u2010cancerous conditions with high sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.94 and specificity\u2009=\u20090.83). Moreover, significantly higher Doppel expression is observed in all EOC subtypes except clear cell OC. Stratifying the EOCs based on Doppel levels, we categorized them into Doppel\u2010high (Dpl\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and Doppel\u2010low (Dpl\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) groups. Using ascites\u2010derived organoids, made from Dpl\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Dpl\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    patients, we identify that Doppel induces epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT). Doppel levels in the sera\/ascites correlate with the changes in\n                    <jats:sup>Dpl+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CTC number in whole blood, highlighting the association of Doppel\u2010induced EMT with CTC dissemination in the circulation. Thus, Doppel\u2010based detection of EOC subtypes could be a promising platform as a clinical biomarker and link the Doppel axis with OC dissemination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T12:53:41Z","timestamp":1764420821000},"page":"1755-1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Doppel as an early\u2010stage biomarker promoting\n                    <scp>EMT<\/scp>\n                    and dissemination in ovarian cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Zulfikar","family":"Azam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riajul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Mahedi","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaniben","family":"Dhadhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of OB\/GYN College of Medicine, Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Mynul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazharul","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Uk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhit","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giner Inc.  Newton Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-2617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian\u2010Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngro","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u2010San","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU\u2010KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Yun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deptartment of OB\/GYN College of Medicine, Korea University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene P.","family":"Toy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecology Oncology Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sireesha Y.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecology 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