{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:18:42Z","timestamp":1786587522472,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    DNA methylation analysis of self\u2010collected samples has shown potential for primary endometrial cancer detection. Here, we aimed to explore DNA methylation testing as a non\u2010invasive alternative for post\u2010treatment surveillance. Endometrial cancer patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200943) without recurrence collected pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment cervicovaginal self\u2010samples and urine at home. Additionally, 17 patients with recurrence provided these samples at the time of recurrence. Healthy controls were used as reference. In total, 207 cervicovaginal self\u2010samples and 203 urine samples were tested for nine markers (\n                    <jats:italic>ADCYAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>BHLHE22<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CDH13<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CDO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GALR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HAND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SST<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ZIC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) using quantitative methylation\u2010specific PCR. Diagnostic performance was assessed using previously established logistic regression models. In patients without recurrence, most marker levels decreased post\u2010treatment compared to pre\u2010treatment, in both sample types. DNA methylation positivity in cervicovaginal self\u2010samples reduced from 90.7% pre\u2010treatment to 19.5% post\u2010treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). In urine, a decrease from 80.5% to 20.9% was observed (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). In patients with recurrence, DNA methylation levels of\n                    <jats:italic>CDH13<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CDO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GALR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HAND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    in cervicovaginal self\u2010samples, and\n                    <jats:italic>CDO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HAND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    in urine, were higher than in patients without recurrence. DNA methylation positivity was 62.5% in cervicovaginal self\u2010samples and 58.8% in urine among patients with any recurrence, and 100% in cervicovaginal self\u2010samples and 90.0% in urine of patients with a local recurrence specifically. These findings support methylation\u2010based testing as a promising post\u2010treatment surveillance method for endometrial cancer patients. This non\u2010invasive approach could reduce the follow\u2010up burden on patients and healthcare, alleviating challenges related to resource constraints while improving patient comfort.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T11:14:36Z","timestamp":1770376476000},"page":"2491-2500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of recurrent endometrial cancer via\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    methylation analysis of cervicovaginal self\u2010samples and urine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9291-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick J.","family":"Nouwens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Imaging and Biomarkers Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0386-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirte","family":"Schaafsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Imaging and Biomarkers Cancer Center Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\/Netherlands Cancer Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3656-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nienke E.","family":"van Trommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\/Netherlands Cancer Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4226-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenneke C.","family":"Kasius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2327-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renske D. 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