{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:51:28Z","timestamp":1793123488765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6R01CA213130\u201006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6R01CA213130\u201006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The nonavalent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine protects against HPV infection and high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) when administered prior to exposure, but evidence supporting its potential therapeutic benefit has been inconsistent. This randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial evaluated whether the 9vHPV vaccine reduces recurrence of HSIL or HPV persistence in 27\u201369\u2010year\u2010old persons previously treated for anal or vulvar HSIL. Participants were HSIL\u2010free at enrollment and received 9vHPV or placebo at months 0, 2, and 6. High\u2010resolution anoscopy or vulvoscopy was performed at months 18 and 36, and anal or vulvar swabs were collected at months 0, 18, 24, and 36 for HPV DNA detection. The primary endpoints were HSIL recurrence and HPV persistence (\u22652 consecutive positive swabs for the same 9vHPV\u2010type). Of 185 participants included in the intent\u2010to\u2010treat analysis, 91 received vaccine and 94 received placebo. The DSMB recommended early termination for futility. The 9vHPV vaccine was not more effective than placebo in preventing recurrent HSIL, with 16 HSIL among 9vHPV recipients versus 21 HSIL in placebo recipients (incidence 8.1 vs. 10.1\/100 person\u2010years;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.54). HPV persistence was 21% in vaccine versus 31% in placebo recipients (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.20). The 9vHPV vaccine delivered after treatment of anal or vulvar HSIL did not reduce HSIL recurrence or HPV detection. Our study underlines the importance of HPV vaccine administration prior to HPV exposure and the need for novel treatments for HSIL with high recurrence potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:18:50Z","timestamp":1770988730000},"page":"2983-2994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nonavalent\n                    <scp>HPV<\/scp>\n                    vaccine to prevent recurrent anal or vulvar high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (\n                    <scp>VIVA<\/scp>\n                    trial): A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Helen C.","family":"Stankiewicz Karita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia S.","family":"Magaret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Doody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Schouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warner K.","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena S.","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Varon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly H.","family":"Shrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long Fu","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise A.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Human Biology Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Madeleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington, DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus\u2010positive men and women","volume":"27","author":"Palefsky JM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2008.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00066-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with hiv. Hiv. Gov clinical guidelines","author":"Panel on antiretroviral guidelines for adults and adolescents","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318227833e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.12.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9233-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187301.76283.7f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1401"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"CD009069","article-title":"Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors","volume":"2018","author":"Arbyn M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.5.10.9515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780122410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01707-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2013.24.3.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1112513"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"CD013479","article-title":"Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of HPV\u2010related disease in females and males","volume":"2019","author":"Bergman H","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4926-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8371-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30391"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70078-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119146087.ch4"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70366","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijc.70366","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:07:31Z","timestamp":1787760451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.70366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.70366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.70366","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}