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The incidence of cervix cancer is very high (ASR of 73.7 per 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and has increased at a rate of 1% annually over the period, although remaining stable in the most recent 15\u2009years; the increase involves mainly women born between 1950 and 1970. Breast cancer rates are less than half those of cervix, but the increase has been more dramatic\u20143% annually\u2014although this seems to involve only women aged over 40. The incidence of ovarian cancer has been constant over the 30\u2009years; there was a small increase in the incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri (1.5% annually) and a more marked one for vulvar cancer (5.6% annually), for which the incidence is relatively high, by global standards. Concurrent with the increasing incidence of cancers of the breast and corpus uteri are notable trends of population risk factors such as rising obesity rates and declining fertility. The elevated burden of cervix and vulvar cancers aligns with patterns observed in populations with high HPV prevalence, though population\u2010specific data remain limited. The results confirm that cancers associated with increasingly affluent lifestyles (breast and corpus uteri) are increasing, although the incidence of cancer of the cervix\u2014an eminently preventable cancer\u2014remains persistently high and is clearly a priority for cancer control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:31:02Z","timestamp":1773113462000},"page":"844-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in the incidence of cancers of the breast and female genital tract in Harare, Zimbabwe 1990\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Chokunonga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvavahera Michael","family":"Chirenje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Science University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Borok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals  Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudo","family":"Makunike\u2010Mutasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals  Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ntokozo","family":"Ndlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals  Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Medical Physics and Imaging Sciences University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justice","family":"Mudavanhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NCDs Ministry of Health and Child Care  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Cancer Registry Network  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3229-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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