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We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study including 354 immunocompetent women referred for anal evaluation because of HPV infection or HSIL of the lower genital tract between 2019 and 2024. Participants were categorized according to the genital site affected by HSIL (uterine cervix, vagina, vulva\/perineum\/perianal region, or multicentric disease), and a control group of 99 immunocompetent women with genital HPV infection and\/or low\u2010grade SIL was included. All patients underwent anal high\u2010risk HPV testing, liquid\u2010based cytology, and high\u2010resolution anoscopy when indicated. Overall, high\u2010risk HPV infection and HSIL were identified in the anal canal in 62.5% and 5.6% of women, respectively. Women with multicentric disease showed a higher prevalence of anal HSIL compared with the control group (6\/29, 20.7%, vs. 2\/99, 2.0%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.031), and the other genital HSIL groups (11\/182, 6.0% for cervical; 0\/13, 0%, for vaginal; 1\/31, 3.2% for vulvar HSIL;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.003). Genital HSIL, particularly multicentric disease, was a strong marker of anal involvement. No HSIL\/AIN occurred among women with a negative anal high\u2010risk HPV test. Anal high\u2010risk HPV testing alone showed optimal sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%) for the diagnosis of HSIL\/AIN, whereas cytology alone had lower sensitivity (68.4%). Combining both tests did not improve accuracy and resulted in excessive referrals. High\u2010risk HPV testing alone appears to be the most efficient approach for anal screening in women with genital HSIL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:16:06Z","timestamp":1775571366000},"page":"1017-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk stratification and anal cancer screening in immunocompetent women with genital\n                    <scp>HPV<\/scp>\n                    : Value of multicentric\n                    <scp>HSIL<\/scp>\n                    and performance of\n                    <scp>HPV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010based screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3728-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Matas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Clinic of 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University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Cardiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Rakislova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Marimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Glickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Victoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Al\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Lopez\u2010Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona  Barcelona 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