{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:19:09Z","timestamp":1787170749238,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014534","name":"School of Public Health, Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014534","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whether meat consumption increases the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer or not remains unclear. Moreover, the number of prospective studies evaluating the associations by anatomical and histological types of GC is limited. We aimed to assess the associations of red, processed, and white meat with all gastric adenocarcinomas by anatomical site and histological type, and with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study of 450,112 individuals (131,426 men\/318,686 women). Over 14.1\u2009years of follow\u2010up, 876 GC and 215 EAC cases were identified. Among the GC cases, 233 were located in cardia and 329 in non\u2010cardia regions. Histologically, 624 were classified as intestinal type and 208 as diffuse type. The associations between meat intake and risk of GC or EAC were assessed using multivariable Cox models. A 30\u2009g\/day increase in processed meat consumption was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 2\u201317) increase in GC risk and a 13% (95% CI: 0\u201327) increase in EAC risk. Additionally, a 20\u2009g\/day increase in white meat intake was associated with a 12% (95% CI: 2\u201324) increase in non\u2010cardia GC risk. Processed meat was also associated with intestinal GC (11%, 95% CI: 2\u201320) and higher consumption with diffuse GC. Only processed meat was associated with GC among men while processed and white meat were both positively associated with GC among women. In conclusion, processed meat may increase the risk of GC and EAC, although further research is needed to clarify the effects of white meat consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:57:58Z","timestamp":1779335878000},"page":"1176-1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Meat Intake and Risk of Gastric and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (\n                    <scp>EPIC<\/scp>\n                    ) Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Bonet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer Catalan Institute of Oncology \u2010 ICO  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Cancer Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute \u2010 IDIBELL  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Rizzolo\u2010Brime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer Catalan Institute of Oncology \u2010 ICO  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Cancer Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute \u2010 IDIBELL  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Monta\u00f1\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer Catalan Institute of Oncology \u2010 ICO  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Cancer Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute \u2010 IDIBELL  L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Hajji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris\u2010Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris\u2010Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Severi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris\u2010Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"},{"name":"Departement of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications \u201cG. Parenti\u201d University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"B Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam\u2010Rehbruecke  Nuthetal Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam  Nuthetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina C.","family":"Dahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tj\u00f8nneland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria S.","family":"De Magistris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.O.U. 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