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The latest guidelines recommend conservative use of chemotherapy in thyroid cancer, primarily due to the absence of reliable efficacy prediction systems. Tumor\u2010derived organoid\u2010based strategies represent a powerful tool for assessing individual\u2010level drug sensitivity and identifying novel treatment regimens. This prospective single\u2010arm cohort study enrolled 25 patients. Thyroid tumor tissue was procured via ultrasound\u2010guided core needle biopsy, and organoids were established using a modified Matrigel\u2010air\u2010liquid interface culture method. Drug sensitivity testing encompassed clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents, utilizing IC50 values as the primary parameter for formulating individualized regimens. Eventually, the objective response rate (ORR) of 15 patients who received the recommended regimens reached 53.3%, among which the ORR of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) was as high as 87.5%. The tumor diameters of the patients were significantly reduced, with a median reduction of 40.32% (IQR: 7.89%\u201365.22%), and 80% of the patients had a progression\u2010free survival (PFS) exceeding 6\u2009months. This preliminary study confirmed the feasibility of extracting and culturing tumor organoids from patients' tumor lesions, which can serve as an effective tool for chemotherapy drug screening, highlighting the potential of precision medicine in individualized chemotherapy for locally advanced thyroid carcinoma (LATC).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T03:15:16Z","timestamp":1776482116000},"page":"836-843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Value of Patient\u2010Derived Tumor Organoids in Guiding Precision Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer: A Single\u2010Center, Single\u2010Arm, Phase 2 Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Xixi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery; 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