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However, evidence from epidemiological studies regarding this link remains inconsistent. We conducted a population\u2010based prospective cohort study involving 402,255 UK Biobank participants to investigate the associations of five MHCs\u00a0(depressive disorders [DD], anxiety disorders [AD], bipolar disorder [BD], schizophrenia [SZ] and post\u2010traumatic\u00a0stress\u00a0disorder [PTSD]) with overall and site\u2010specific cancer risk. Cox proportional hazard models were used, adjusting\u00a0for sociodemographic, health\u2010related and\u00a0lifestyle confounders. Over a median follow\u2010up of 13.4\u2009years, 68,065 (17%) incident\u00a0cancer cases were recorded. DD (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13\u20131.23), AD (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11\u20131.24) and BD (HR:\u00a01.29, 95%\u00a0CI: 1.11\u20131.51) were associated with increased overall cancer risk. No significant association was found for SZ and PTSD.\u00a0The\u00a0associations\u00a0of DD (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18\u20131.35) and BD (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.26\u20131.88) were only significant in men. AD and DD were positively associated with lung, blood and liver cancers, while AD was also associated with prostate\u00a0cancer. A dose\u2013response relationship was observed between depressive symptom severity and cancer risk. While we cannot assume causality, our finding suggests that diagnoses of MHCs could be useful for cancer risk stratification and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:25:22Z","timestamp":1777436722000},"page":"1420-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental Health Conditions and Incident Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 402,255\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    Biobank Participants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7228-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Sherif","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology The University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow 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