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Some\u00a0studies suggest that nitrogen\u2010based bisphosphonates (NBBs) may also reduce cancer risk more broadly, although evidence is inconsistent. Using linked administrative health data from Australian women aged &gt;\u200950\u2009years, we conducted nested\u00a0case\u2013control studies and used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between use of bisphosphonates (nitrogen\u2010based and other) and other medicines approved\u00a0for treatment of low bone mineral density, and risk of breast, colorectal, lung, uterus, thyroid, pancreas, kidney, cervical, stomach, liver,\u00a0brain, bladder and gallbladder cancers and melanoma. In total, 243,629 incident cancer cases were matched to 1,218,075 controls. Compared to no use of osteoporosis medicines, use of nitrogen\u2010based bisphosphonates (NBBs) was associated with\u00a0reductions in breast (OR\u2009=\u20090.85, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87), uterine (OR\u2009=\u20090.61, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.66) and cervical cancer risk (OR\u2009=\u20090.83, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.97) with the greatest reduction in risk observed for women who used NBBs for over 5\u2009years. However, NBBs were also associated with increased risk of lung (OR\u2009=\u20091.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.21) and liver cancers (OR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.29), although there was no clear dose response. Raloxifene was also associated with lower risk of breast,\u00a0colorectal, uterine and cervical cancer. Our exploratory study suggests links between some osteoporosis medicines and cancers related to reproductive hormones. Our results require confirmation but may provide new insights for cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1779271524000},"page":"1669-1685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nitrogen\u2010Based Bisphosphonate Use and Risk of Cancer in Women Aged 50\u2009Years and Older: A National Data Linkage Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5944-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Tuesley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Medicine &amp; Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Caristo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Medicine &amp; Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Spilsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research The University of Notre Dame Australia  Fremantle Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallie\u2010Anne","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Medicines Intelligence University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Department Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Medicine &amp; Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  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