{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1788768526244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immune system is a major driver in pancreatic cancer development. Several prospective cohort studies have found associations for single immune system\u2010derived proteins such as IL6 or CRP, but results are inconclusive, and Omics\u2010based research is scarce. Hence, we aimed to investigate associations of a comprehensive protein panel with the risk of pancreatic cancer. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, 92 immune proteins were measured in baseline blood samples of 406 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 406 sex\u2010 and age\u2010matched controls, using the Olink Immuno\u2010Oncology panel. Multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) for protein levels in association with pancreatic cancer risk. Eight biomarkers were associated with pancreatic cancer risk (MMP12, LAMP3, CD28, IL\u20106, IL\u201012, FASLG, PD\u2010L2, and PDCD1) but only MMP12 was significantly associated after multivariable adjustments for confounders and the seven proteins, with OR\u2009=\u20091.56 (95% CI: 1.20\u20132.03) for a doubling in protein concentration. After correction for multiple testing, none of the proteins were associated with risk. Restricting analyses to cases diagnosed within the first 4\u2009years and 4\u20138\u2009years after recruitment resulted in OR of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.28\u20132.80) and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.01\u20131.86) for MMP12, respectively. Higher levels of MMP12 were associated with pancreatic cancer risk specifically in those diagnosed shortly after recruitment, while other immune\u2010related factors were not associated with risk. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm our initial findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1782212312000},"page":"2146-2157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune Markers and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the European\n                    <scp>EPIC<\/scp>\n                    Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena A.","family":"Katzke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"The Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srimanti","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4261-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Canzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Epidemiology Group German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Louise Munk","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnetha Linn","family":"Rostgaard\u2010Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Institute  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Bouteille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris\u2010Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinciane","family":"Rebours","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Beaujon Hospital, AP\u2010HP Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9 University  Clichy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2943-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris\u2010Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias B.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Epidemiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam\u2010Rehbruecke  Nuthetal Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science University of Potsdam  Nuthetal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Bendinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network\u2014ISPRO  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Pala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Simeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics Unit, University \u201cL. 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