{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:33:47Z","timestamp":1788878027036,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Persistent high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HR\u2010HPV) infection drives cervical carcinogenesis, yet effective treatments for patients without histologically confirmed cervical lesions are lacking. Although five\u2010aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA\u2010PDT) effectively treats cervical lesions and associated HR\u2010HPV, its efficacy for clearing HR\u2010HPV in non\u2010lesional patients is unclear. We aim to compare the efficacy of ALA\u2010PDT versus interferon (IFN) in treating persistent HR\u2010HPV infection in patients without cervical lesions. This real\u2010world cohort study included 157 patients receiving three sessions of ALA\u2010PDT and 114 patients receiving 3 courses total of IFN therapy. The primary outcome was HR\u2010HPV complete clearance at 6\u2010 and 12\u2010month post\u2010treatment. At 6\u2009months, complete clearance rates were 56.9% (82\/144) in the PDT group versus 15.3% (13\/85) in the IFN group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At 12\u2009months, rates were 67.0% (59\/88) versus 28.3% (26\/92) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis confirmed PDT was significantly superior to IFN in reducing persistent infection risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20090.114, 95% CI: 0.054\u20130.242,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Longer infection duration (\u2265\u200924 vs. 6\u201323\u2009months) (aOR\u2009=\u20092.334, 95% CI: 1.352\u20134.030,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002) and increasing age (per year) (aOR\u2009=\u20091.025, 95% CI: 1.003\u20131.048,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027) were independently associated with higher persistence risk. Adverse events (mild pain and vaginal discharge) occurred in 5.1% of patients. ALA\u2010PDT demonstrates superior and sustained efficacy over IFN for clearing persistent HR\u2010HPV infection in patients without cervical lesions. Older age and longer infection duration are significant risk factors for treatment failure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:52:41Z","timestamp":1782190361000},"page":"2328-2335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["5\u2010Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy for Non\u2010Lesional Persistent High\u2010Risk\n                    <scp>HPV<\/scp>\n                    Infection: A Comparative Cohort Study With Interferon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5425-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiju","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61416-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1760"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2833"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1496035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00594F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00616G"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","article-title":"Effect of Clinicopathological Characteristics on the Outcomes of Topical 5\u2010Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy in Patients With Cervical High\u2010Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL\/CIN2): A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Wei Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1301440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102728"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102293"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78445-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049614"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70625","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijc.70625","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T07:24:15Z","timestamp":1788765855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.70625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.70625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.70625","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}