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Short\u2010acting and long\u2010acting G\u2010CSF have similar efficacy in managing neutropenia, but they differ in effects on immune cells. However, the overall impact of G\u2010CSF and its different formulations on survival in advanced lung cancer patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear. This retrospective study enrolled patients with advanced primary lung cancer receiving first\u2010line chemoimmunotherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance heterogeneity between groups. Kaplan Meier and Cox models were used to estimate OS and progression\u2010free survival (PFS). Among 606 patients, 308 developed neutropenia and received G\u2010CSF support (pegylated recombinant human G\u2010CSF [PEG\u2010rhG\u2010CSF]: 183; recombinant human G\u2010CSF [rhG\u2010CSF]: 125); 298 without neutropenia received no G\u2010CSF. After IPTW, no significant differences in PFS and OS were observed between G\u2010CSF group and non\u2010G\u2010CSF group. Patients receiving rhG\u2010CSF had significantly improved OS (42.6 vs. 28.2\u2009months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.041) and PFS (15.4 vs. 9.4\u2009months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than those receiving PEG\u2010rhG\u2010CSF. Multivariable analysis confirmed rhG\u2010CSF as a favorable independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS. Among patients with advanced primary lung cancer receiving first\u2010line chemoimmunotherapy, G\u2010CSF support effectively abrogates the adverse survival impact of chemotherapy\u2010induced neutropenia. Moreover, rhG\u2010CSF was associated with improved clinical outcomes versus PEG\u2010rhG\u2010CSF. Prospective randomized trials are required to validate these findings and guide clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:20:22Z","timestamp":1784254822000},"page":"2999-3007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survival Outcomes Associated With Short\u2010Acting Versus Long\u2010Acting G\u2010\n                    <scp>CSF<\/scp>\n                    Use During First\u2010Line Chemoimmunotherapy for Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Yanjuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin's 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