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Unlike in some other cancers, no single risk factor accounts for most CRC cases. Despite the well\u2010studied overall incidence trend of CRC, little information is available on risk factor\u2010specific incidence trends of CRC. This study aims to evaluate the rarely studied incidence trends of CRC in males and females with variable levels of exposure to specific risk factors, including education level, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI). We used Finnish pooled cohort data from seven cohorts linked to the population\u2010based Finnish Cancer Registry. The pooled data included 224,048 subjects, of whom 2006 were diagnosed with CRC. CRC incidence adjusted for known risk factors increased annually by 1.7% in males and 1.0% in females. In risk factor\u2010stratified analysis, the average annual percentage increase in CRC incidence was especially high in current male smokers. This study further strengthens the evidence that living with overweight or obesity, having a tall body height, or living with diabetes mellitus (DM) associates with an increased risk of CRC. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased CRC risk in males, while heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk in females. In this study, education level or physical inactivity were not statistically significant risk factors for CRC. Our findings highlight the need for effective public health strategies, with special emphasis on preventing overweight, obesity, and smoking along with other modifiable lifestyle factors known to affect CRC risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T07:05:48Z","timestamp":1785913548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence Trends of Colorectal Cancer by Social and Behavioral Factors\u2014A Pooled Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6340-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Muhonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research Finnish Cancer Registry  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki  Helsinki 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Welfare (THL)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"M\u00e4nnist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossi","family":"Rahkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarit A.","family":"Laaksonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Pitk\u00e4niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Statistical and 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