{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:04:16Z","timestamp":1784257456080,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Clinical and sonographic examination of breasts and axillae is standard in breast cancer (BC) care. The aim of this study is to highlight the value of axillary ultrasound in identifying axillary recurrences in male BC, which is still little considered in the literature. This was a registry\u2010based observational multicenter cohort study in Germany. Five hundred and seventy\u2010seven male patients with invasive non\u2010metastatic BC were included. Five hundred and sixty three patients underwent a clinical examination of the axilla, and 500 had an axillary ultrasound. The examination results were used to determine sensitivity and specificity for predicting lymph node metastases depending on the nodal status. The axillary recurrences were determined during follow\u2010up. The sensitivity and specificity were 30.4% and 93.2% for axillary palpation, 42.2% and 88.9% for ultrasound, and 49.5% and 85.3% for both methods combined. Both methods, considered either separately or combined, showed an increase in sensitivity with increasing lymph node involvement. In the combined analysis, the sensitivity varied from 38.5% (pN1) to 80.0% (pN3). Sensitivity was higher in Grade 3 compared to Grades 1 or 2 carcinomas, in patients aged &gt;\u200968\u2009years compared to younger patients, and in non\u2010obese compared to obese patients (BMI &gt;\u200930\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The axillary recurrence rate was 1.21%. The axillary examination is an important part of pre\u2010therapeutic diagnostics in male patients; however, ultrasound and palpation appear less sensitive than in female disease. The probability of axillary recurrence is very low after adequate therapy in male BC patients without distant metastases and in those with a low risk of metastases based on tumor biology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:05:47Z","timestamp":1784253947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Value of Axillary Palpation and Ultrasound, and Axillary Recurrence in Male Breast Cancer: Results of the Registry Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-717X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Graeser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Study Group  Moenchengladbach Germany"},{"name":"Breast Center Niederrhein, Ev. Hospital Bethesda  Moenchengladbach Germany"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Witten\/Herdecke  Witten Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susen","family":"Bothin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Klinikum Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6019-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Gluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West German Study Group  Moenchengladbach Germany"},{"name":"Breast Center Niederrhein, Ev. Hospital Bethesda  Moenchengladbach Germany"},{"name":"University Clinics Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Warm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Center, Municipal Hospital Holweide  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atanas","family":"Ignatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke University  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holm","family":"Eggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Klinikum Magdeburg  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.23.8162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2009.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute \u201cCancer Registry Data Mammary Carcinoma \u201d 2022 https:\/\/www.krebsdaten.de\/Krebs\/DE\/Content\/Krebsarten\/Brustkrebs\/brustkrebs_node.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.19.03120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"AGO Kommission Mamma \u201cAGO\u2010Empfehlungen Mamma 2024: Diagnostik und Therapie des Mammakarzinoms \u201dArbeitsgemeinschaft Gyn\u00e4kologische Onkologie e.V. 2024 https:\/\/www.ago\u2010online.de."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"German Guideline Program in Oncology (German Cancer Society German Cancer Ais AWMF) \u201cInterdisciplinary Evidence\u2010Based Pratice Guideline for Early Detection Diagnosis Treatment and Follow\u2010Up of Breast Cancer Long Version 4.4 AWMF Registration Number: 032\/045OL \u201d 2021 https:\/\/www.leitlinienprogramm\u2010onkologie.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/S3_Guideline_Breast_Cancer.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549\u2010018\u20104921\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.25.5729"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2017.76.8861"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.200164","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis From the National Cancer Database","volume":"39","author":"Elimimian E. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Men's Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231212588"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pky018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.217836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102007\u20101000447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100029\u20101245505"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"330","article-title":"Role of Axillary Lymph Node Ultrasound and Large Core Biopsy in the Preoperative Assessment of Patients Selected for Sentinel Node Biopsy","volume":"109","author":"Nori J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"La Radiologia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmu.jmu_99_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010004\u20102545\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109468"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/bcbcr.S11215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010021\u201009857\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/coc.0000000000000497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416\u2010020\u20100857\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010023\u201013475\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr\u201021\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058\u2010024\u201001872\u2010z"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijc.70658","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.70658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:05:49Z","timestamp":1784253949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.70658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.70658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.70658","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ijc.70658"}}