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However, epidemiological studies on cancer in this age group are limited. This study aimed to investigate cancer trends and characteristics among the oldest\u2010old adults (aged \u2265\u200985\u2009years) in Japan, using population\u2010based national and prefectural cancer registry data on incidence, mortality, trends, stage, and treatment patterns, and compared them with those of young\u2010old adults (aged 65\u201384\u2009years). From 1995 to 2020, the number of cancer cases among the oldest\u2010old increased more than four\u2010fold, with a significant average annual percent change of +5.9% (confidence interval: 5.4\u20136.3), surpassing growth in both the overall and young\u2010old populations, and accounting for 15.7% of all cases in 2020. The oldest\u2010old showed higher proportions of skin and gallbladder\/bile duct cancers, and rising proportions of breast and prostate cancers. The group was more likely to be diagnosed at unstaged or advanced stages of cancer. Aggressive treatment was less commonly administered to this group, even when the stage at diagnosis was similar to that in the younger\u2010old patients. These findings highlight distinct epidemiological and clinical cancer trends in the oldest\u2010old. Since cancer incidence among the oldest\u2010old will likely continue to rise, targeted healthcare and policy interventions that consider the impact of this age group at both individual and societal levels are urgently needed. To address the needs of an aging population, reconsideration of prevention, detection, and management, including guidelines and specialist availability, is suggested. Moreover, Japan must consider further cancer research in this rapidly increasing population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:20:35Z","timestamp":1792070435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancer in the Oldest\u2010Old in Super\u2010Aging Japan: Trends and Characteristics From National Registry Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Data Science National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3153-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Data Science National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8687-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota","family":"Katanoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Data Science National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division \u201cWorld Population Prospects 2024 Online Edition \u201d(2024) https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/downloads?folder=Standard%20Projections&group=Population."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau \u201cCensus \u201d(2020) https:\/\/www.e\u2010stat.go.jp\/stat\u2010search\/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00200521&tstat=000001011777&cycle=0&tclass1=000001011778&stat_infid=000001085926&tclass2val=0."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Population and Social Security Research \u201cPopulation Projection for Japan \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.ipss.go.jp\/pp\u2010zenkoku\/j\/zenkoku2017\/pp_zenkoku2017.asp."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Cancer Statistics for Adults Aged 85\u2009Years and Older, 2019","volume":"69","author":"Desantis C. 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