{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:41:25Z","timestamp":1779932485351,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology & Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>To evaluate the interaction and contribution of maternal and fetal risk factors associated with neonatal brachial plexus injury (BPI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In a case\u2013control study, matched maternal and neonatal discharge records were accessed from US<\/jats:styled-content> State Inpatient Databases for New Jersey (2010\u20132012), Michigan (2010\u20132011), and Hawaii (2010\u20132011). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and BPI<\/jats:styled-content>. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to build predictive models, including two stratified models evaluating deliveries among obese and diabetic cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 376\u00a0325 deliveries, BPI<\/jats:styled-content> was diagnosed in 274 (0.1%). Significant BPI<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors included maternal obesity (odds ratio [OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.7\u20134.4), maternal diabetes (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.6, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.0\u20137.0), use of forceps (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.6, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3\u20139.0), and vacuum assistance (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.7\u20133.3). After adjusting for shoulder dystocia and other predictive factors, cesarean reduced the risk of BPI<\/jats:styled-content> by 88% (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.1, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.07\u20130.2). When stratified by obesity and diabetes, the OR<\/jats:styled-content>s for BPI<\/jats:styled-content> increased significantly for macrosomia, forceps, and vacuum assistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The analysis confirms and quantifies more precisely the impact of risk factors for neonatal BPI<\/jats:styled-content>, and provides a reliable basis for evidence\u2010based clinical decision\u2010making models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T06:11:27Z","timestamp":1486534287000},"page":"331-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A multistate population\u2010based analysis of linked maternal and neonatal discharge records to identify risk factors for neonatal brachial plexus injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine Portland OR USA"},{"name":"CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands"},{"name":"Forensic Research and Analysis Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun M.","family":"Goodyear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Research and Analysis Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy M.","family":"Leith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Research and Analysis Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540180036030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/307039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183595.32077.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Center for Healthcare Quality and Payment Reform.The cost of having a baby in the United States. 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