{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T01:51:48Z","timestamp":1768009908736,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare primary indications for cesarean delivery among patients with different female genital mutilation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGM<\/jats:styled-content>) status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present secondary analysis included data from women who underwent trial of labor resulting in cesarean delivery at 28 obstetric centers in six African countries between November 1, 2001, and March 31, 2003. Associations between cesarean delivery indications and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGM<\/jats:styled-content>status were assessed using descriptive statistics and multivariable multinomial logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 1659 women (480 patients with no type of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGM<\/jats:styled-content>and 1179 patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGM<\/jats:styled-content>[any type]) were included; cesarean delivery indications were collapsed into five categories (fetal indications, maternal factors, stage 1 arrest, stage 2 arrest, and other). The incidence of a clear medical indication for cesarean delivery did not differ between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.320). Among patients without a clear indication for cesarean delivery, women with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGM<\/jats:styled-content>were more likely to have undergone cesarean delivery for maternal factors (adjusted relative risk ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRRR<\/jats:styled-content>] 3.92, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.3\u201311.71), stage 1 arrest (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRRR<\/jats:styled-content>7.74, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.33\u201345.07), stage 2 arrest (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRRR<\/jats:styled-content>6.63, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>3.74\u201311.73), or other factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRRR<\/jats:styled-content>2.41, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.04\u20135.60) rather than fetal factors compared with women who had no type of FGM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among women with unclear medical indications,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGM<\/jats:styled-content>was associated with cesarean delivery being performed for maternal factors or arrest disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,11]],"date-time":"2017-06-11T09:02:40Z","timestamp":1497171760000},"page":"21-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Clinical indications for cesarean delivery among women living with female genital mutilation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lale","family":"Say","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health, and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Abdulcadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Geneva University Hospitals Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Hindin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"A Systematic Review of the Health Complications of Female Genital Mutilation including Sequelae in Childbirth","author":"WHO","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Female Genital Mutilation\/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of the Dynamics of Change","author":"UNICEF","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Female Genital Mutilation\/Cutting: Data and Trends Update 2010.2010.http:\/\/www.prb.org\/pdf10\/fgm-wallchart2010.pdf. 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