{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:32:10Z","timestamp":1760646730182},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association between hormonal contraceptive use and vitamin A deficiency among women in Tanzania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analysis of data from 8231 women who participated in the 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 1291 (weight percentage 17.8%) women reported a history of hormonal contraceptive use. The weighted prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 36.9% (n=3027). After adjustment for potential confounders, women with hormonal contraceptive use had lower odds of vitamin A deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66\u20130.94; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.009). There was a negative dose\u2013response relationship between duration of hormonal contraceptive use and vitamin A deficiency. As compared with non\u2010users, the odds of vitamin A deficiency decreased significantly among women who used hormonal contraceptives for 1\u201312\u00a0months (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40\u20130.84; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.004) and more than 12\u00a0months (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15\u20130.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Women with a history of using oral contraceptive pills had a lower odds of vitamin A deficiency versus non\u2010users (aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.37\u20130.65; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to contraceptive effectiveness, hormonal contraception use might have nutritional benefit in preventing vitamin A deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T06:32:47Z","timestamp":1511245967000},"page":"20-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hormonal contraceptive use and vitamin A deficiency among women in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Zelalem T.","family":"Haile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine  Dublin OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asli K.","family":"Teweldeberhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences and Profession Ohio University  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhakti","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine  Dublin OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Francescon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Vitamin A Deficiency. 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