{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:35:56Z","timestamp":1793828156487,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems for nomenclature of symptoms of normal and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years (FIGO AUB System 1) and for classification of causes of AUB (FIGO AUB System 2; PALM\u2010COEIN) were first published together in 2011. The purpose was to harmonize the definitions of normal and abnormal bleeding symptoms and to classify and subclassify underlying potential causes of AUB in the reproductive years to facilitate research, education, and clinical care. The systems were designed to be flexible and to be periodically reviewed and modified as appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review, clarify, and, where appropriate, revise the previously published\u00a0systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology and outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To a large extent, the process has been an iterative one involving the FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee, as well as a number of invited contributions from epidemiologists, gynecologists, and other experts in the field from around the world between 2012 and 2017. Face\u2010to\u2010face meetings have been held in Rome, Vancouver, and Singapore, and have been augmented by a number of teleconferences and other communications designed to evaluate various aspects of the systems. Where substantial change was considered, anonymous voting, in some instances using a modified RAND Delphi technique, was utilized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T07:43:45Z","timestamp":1536565425000},"page":"393-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":926,"title":["The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Malcolm G.","family":"Munro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary O.D.","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Reproductive Health The University of Edinburgh The Queen's Medical Research Institute  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian S.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health Royal Hospital for Women University of New South Wales  Randwick NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Effect of childbirth on menstrual pattern","volume":"67","author":"Khatri R","year":"1978","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"822","article-title":"Menstrual blood loss and hematologic indices in healthy Chinese women","volume":"32","author":"Gao J","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Heavy Menstrual Bleeding","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4288"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"558","article-title":"A population\u2010based study of the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding and its related factors among Iranian reproductive\u2010age women: An updated data","volume":"20","author":"Kazemijaliseh H","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.323.9557"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del478"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.10.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"FraserIS MunroMG CritchleyHOD.Abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive\u2010age women: Terminology and PALM\u2010COEIN etiology classification. 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