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In accordance with a prototype concept based on maternal, fetal, and placental conditions, an adapted <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u2010means model and fuzzy algorithm were used to identify clusters using predefined conditions. The mains outcomes were phenotype clusters and maternal and neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 4150 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>s, three clusters of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> phenotypes were identified: women who had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> without any predefined conditions; women with mixed conditions; and women who had pre\u2010eclampsia, eclampsia, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HELLP<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome and fetal growth restriction. The prevalence of different preterm subtypes differed significantly in the three clusters, varying from 80.95% of provider\u2010initiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>s in cluster 3\u20136.62% in cluster 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Although some maternal characteristics differed among the clusters, maternal and neonatal outcomes did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis identified three clusters with distinct phenotypes. Women from the different clusters had different subtypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> and maternal and pregnancy characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T15:42:39Z","timestamp":1557157359000},"page":"110-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cluster analysis identifying clinical phenotypes of preterm birth and related maternal and neonatal outcomes from the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Renato T.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose G.","family":"Cecatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Renato","family":"Passini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo C.","family":"Pacagnella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Statistics School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cleide M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Statistics School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.10.865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.10.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","author":"Institute of Medicine (IOM)","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/719104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e328359823a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050902866804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0388-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/BBI.S38316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15265\/IY-2014-0018"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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