{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T02:19:29Z","timestamp":1772072369561,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thermal coagulation is gaining popularity for treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in screening programs in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) due to unavailability of cryotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assess the effectiveness of thermal coagulation for treatment of CIN lesions compared with cryotherapy, with a focus on LMICs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Papers were identified from previous reviews and electronic literature search in February 2018 with publication date after 2010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title><jats:p>Publications with original data evaluating cryotherapy or thermal coagulation with proportion of cure as outcome, assessed by colposcopy, biopsy, cytology, and\/or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and minimum 6\u00a0months follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pooled proportions of cure are presented stratified per treatment modality, type of lesion, and region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pooled cure proportions for cryotherapy and thermal coagulation, respectively, were 93.8% (95% CI, 88.5\u201397.7) and 91.4% (95% CI, 84.9\u201396.4) for CIN 1; 82.6% (95% CI, 77.4\u201387.3) and 91.6% (95% CI, 88.2\u201394.5) for CIN 2\u20133; and 92.8% (95% CI, 85.6\u201397.7) and 90.1% (95% CI, 87.0\u201392.8) for VIA\u2010positive lesions. For thermal coagulation of CIN 2\u20133 lesions in LMICs 82.4% (95% CI, 75.4\u201388.6).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both cryotherapy and thermal coagulation are effective treatment modalities for CIN lesions in LMICs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T02:00:08Z","timestamp":1562292008000},"page":"4-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of thermal coagulation compared with cryotherapy to treat precancerous cervical lesions in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Marlieke","family":"de Fouw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roos Marieke","family":"Oosting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMechanical Engineering Delft University of Technology  Delft Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Rutgrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaf Matthijs","family":"Dekkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander Arnold Willem","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jogchum Jan","family":"Beltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Guidelines for Screening and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions for Cervical Cancer Prevention. Published 2013.http:\/\/www.who.int\/repro\u200bducti\u200bvehea\u200blth\/publi\u200bcatio\u200bns\/cance\u200brs\/scree\u200bning_and_treat\u200bment_of_preca\u200bncero\u200bus_lesio\u200bns\/en\/. Accessed February 10 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Cervical Cancer Action.Global progress in visual inspection (VIA) for cervical cancer screening.2017.http:\/\/www.cervi\u200bcalca\u200bncera\u200bction.org\/comme\u200bnts\/comme\u200bnts.php. Accessed February 10 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.2016.003731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gyn.1988.4.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835b1041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"i4949","article-title":"ROBINS\u2010I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non\u2010randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(97)00222-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cryotherapy of the uterine cervix: An inadequate treatment modality in a newly screened population","volume":"57","author":"Leiman G","year":"1980","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Report on a cryotherapy service for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a district hospital in western Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Lewis K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00128360-200301000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb15372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443618509079143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Treatment of CIN with cold coagulation","volume":"9","author":"Cristofaro D","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Cold coagulation revisited","volume":"3","author":"Cassidy LJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Colposcopy Gynecol Laser Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cytologic follow\u2010up in patients with CIN treated by LLETZ, cold knife conization and Semm's cold coagulation","volume":"34","author":"Grubisic G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia where colposcopy is not available","volume":"37","author":"Omigbodun AO","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(92)91023-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443619963932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610120085618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Cervical cytologic abnormalities of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 treated with cryotherapy and expectant management during the first year follow\u2010up period","volume":"10","author":"Poomtavorn Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.187315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Treatment of premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix by means of moderate heat thermosurgery using the Semm coagulator","volume":"67","author":"Staland B","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Chir Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Role of cryosurgery in the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix","volume":"58","author":"Javaheri G","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb10304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The management of subclinical wart virus infection of the cervix in a genitourinary clinic","volume":"68","author":"Rogstad KE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Outcome of cold coagulation for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a department of genitourinary medicine","volume":"69","author":"Williams OE","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-016-0304-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S142911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","first-page":"565","article-title":"The use of cold coagulation for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"110","author":"Wyse A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.06.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Experience using cryotherapy for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"89","author":"Jacob M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jcgo464w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-016-0355-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"CD012847","article-title":"Obstetric outcomes after conservative treatment for cervical intraepithelial lesions and early invasive disease","volume":"11","author":"Kyrgiou M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29594"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.12904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.12904","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.12904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T09:00:49Z","timestamp":1697792449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.12904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.12904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.12904","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}