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Between\u2010study heterogeneity was assessed using tau<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (Cochrane <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four studies were included. There was a 29% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.71; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.53\u20130.96; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001), 26% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.74; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.58\u20130.96; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.021), and 40% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.60; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.42\u20130.85; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.004) reduction in recurrent preterm birth at &lt;37, &lt;35, and &lt;32\u00a0weeks, respectively, in the 17\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHPC<\/jats:styled-content> group compared with placebo. The reduction in neonatal death was 68% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.32; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.15\u20130.66; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>17\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHPC<\/jats:styled-content> could reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth at &lt;37, &lt;35, and &lt;28\u00a0weeks and neonatal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PROSPERO: CDR42017082190<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T05:35:43Z","timestamp":1565588143000},"page":"156-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing 17\u2010alpha\u2010hydroxyprogesterone caproate versus placebo for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Rosa","family":"Fernandez\u2010Macias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center BCNatal \u2010 Barcelona Center for Maternal\u2010Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu) Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raigam J.","family":"Martinez\u2010Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center BCNatal \u2010 Barcelona Center for Maternal\u2010Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Cl\u00ednic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu) Institut Cl\u00ednic de Ginecologia Obstetricia i Neonatologia Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine and Therapy Research Center Mexico; 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