{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:35:42Z","timestamp":1791203742085,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007319","name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the rates of urinary tract infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content>) in adolescent users of menstrual pads versus non\u2010users in a rural area of Rwanda.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An interventional prospective cohort study was conducted at four secondary schools in the Western Province of Rwanda from May 12, 2017 to October 20, 2017. Inclusion criteria were female students aged 18\u201324 who were menstruating and volunteered to participate in the study. In total, 240 adolescent participants were assigned to two cohorts;\u00a0120 received menstrual pads for 6\u00a0months and the other 120 did not use pads. Baseline symptoms and urine cultures were obtained. Symptoms and methods of menstrual hygiene management were assessed and urine cultures were obtained every 2\u00a0months. The primary outcome was the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosed by positive urine culture. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content>, vulvovaginal symptoms, sexual activity, dyspareunia, and self\u2010reported sexually transmitted infection. Generalized estimating equations with nesting were used to assess associations of pad use with study outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 209 participants completed the study. There was no difference in rates of positive urine culture. A\u00a0decreased odds of vulvovaginal symptoms was found in self\u2010reported\u00a0\u201dalways\u201d versus \u201cnever\u201d pad users (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 0.64, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 0.43\u20130.96; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.031).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite not finding any difference in rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTI<\/jats:styled-content>, the present study showed a decreased rate of vulvovaginal symptoms in users of menstrual pads. Further research investigating rates of genital infections in this population is thus necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T10:15:41Z","timestamp":1569579341000},"page":"87-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The impact of menstrual hygiene management on adolescent health: The effect of Go! pads on rate of urinary tract infection in adolescent females in Kibogora, Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Janoowalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Keppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Asanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic  Bangui Mbomou Prefecture Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Department of Epidemiology &amp; Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdissa","family":"Negassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Department of Epidemiology &amp; Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerys","family":"Benfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rulisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rwanda  Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urinary tract infections among adolescent girls in rural Karimnagar District","volume":"40","author":"Ahmed S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.253.5313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/washdev.2012.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2018.1444041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-015-0009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"United Nations.Definition of Youth.2016.http:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socde\u200bv\/docum\u200bents\/youth\/\u200bfact-sheet\u200bs\/youth-defin\u200bition.pdf. Accessed November 16 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Demographic Yearbook","author":"United Nations","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531734"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijgo.12983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.12983","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijgo.12983","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.12983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T06:47:09Z","timestamp":1716446829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.12983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.12983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.12983","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}