{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:47:32Z","timestamp":1761709652412,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the safety and efficacy of mixed methylene blue (MB) compound injection for treatment of vulvar non\u2010neoplastic epithelial disorders (NNEDs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective observational study among 118 women with vulvar NNEDs treated with intradermal injection of mixed MB compound at a hospital in Wuhan, China, between 2013 and 2016. Itching score, skin hypopigmentation area percentage (SHAP), and recurrence were assessed by interview and physical examination before and after treatment. Adverse effects were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before treatment, mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD itching score was 7.78\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.59. It decreased rapidly immediately after treatment and remained low thereafter (1.82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.31, 1.69\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.39, 1.97\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.73, 2.05\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.72, and 2.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.86 at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24\u00a0months, respectively). Before treatment, mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD SHAP was 28.01%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.28%. SHAP decreased gradually and remained stably low 6\u00a0months later (26.28%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.95%, 21.19%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.42%, 19.19%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.67%, 18.68%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.91%, and 18.65%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.20% at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24\u00a0months, respectively). The recurrence rate in 2\u00a0years was 21.2% (25\/118) with no major complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intradermal injection of mixed MB compound was found to be an effective and safe treatment for vulvar NNEDs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>ClinicalTrials.gov:<\/jats:bold> NCT03200808.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T07:43:20Z","timestamp":1571471000000},"page":"157-161","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prospective observational study of the efficacy of mixed methylene blue compound injection for treatment of vulvar non\u2010neoplastic epithelial disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Yanli","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quanfu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xufeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02052324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1997.02644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-004-0043-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2012.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13863-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"High prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with lichen sclerosus","volume":"52","author":"Birenbaum DL","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.December.7.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0712-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200407000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.6.709"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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