{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T11:40:34Z","timestamp":1693395634031},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine time from delivery to resumption of sexual activity and menses among HIV\u2010infected women on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and HIV\u2010uninfected women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010infected women on ART and HIV\u2010uninfected women were recruited from five health facilities at delivery and followed prospectively for a maximum of 1\u00a0year in Blantyre, Malawi from January 2016 to September 2017. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at delivery and 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12\u00a0months. Descriptive, time to event Kaplan\u2010Meier, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on 878 women (460 [52.4%] HIV\u2010uninfected and 418 [47.6%] HIV\u2010infected, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.156) who attended at least one follow\u2010up visit were analyzed. Among HIV\u2010uninfected compared to HIV\u2010infected women, respectively, the median number of days to resumption of sexual activity was 180 vs 181; to irregular menses was 82 vs 71; and to regular menses was 245 vs 366. In multivariable models, being married was associated with early resumption of sexual activity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), and being HIV\u2010infected and use of an effective method of family planning were associated with later start of regular menses (HR&lt;1.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.050).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Counseling of women on reproductive intentions should start early irrespective of HIV infection or use of ART.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T05:09:20Z","timestamp":1581311360000},"page":"211-218","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resumption of postpartum sexual activity and menses among HIV\u2010infected women on lifelong antiretroviral treatment compared to HIV\u2010uninfected women in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Sufia","family":"Dadabhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonus","family":"Makanani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Malawi  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Kawalazira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine\u2010Johns Hopkins Research Project  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Taulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Malawi  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Gadama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Malawi  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha E.","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"WHO Technical Brief: Preventing HIV During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in the Context of pre\u2010Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"AizireJ YendeN NematadziraT et\u00a0al.High frequency of unintended pregnancy and predictors of contraceptive choice among HIV\u2010infected African women on life\u2010long antiretroviral therapy (ART) The Netherlands.2018; Abstract# THAB0301."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30029-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"National Statistical Office and ICF.Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015\u20132016 Zomba Malawi and Rockville Maryland USA.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-006-0015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"S105","article-title":"Associations between HIV antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"27","author":"Makumbi F","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"KaunitzAM.Postpartum contraception: Initiation and methods. 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