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Typical regimens include 17\u2010hydroxyprogesterone caproate (250\u00a0mg intramuscularly weekly), starting at 16\u201320 gestational weeks until 36\u00a0weeks or delivery for women with a singleton gestation and a history of spontaneous preterm birth, or vaginal progesterone (90\u2010mg vaginal gel or 200\u2010mg micronized vaginal soft capsules) for women with a short cervix (typically \u226425\u00a0mm). Although some randomized trials support this approach, neither of the largest trials (PROLONG for 17\u2010hydroxyprogesterone acetate or OPPTIMUM for vaginal progesterone) demonstrated efficacy. There are almost no data on long\u2010term effects, and none that shows benefit beyond the neonatal period. Although some analyses suggest the cost\u2010effectiveness of the approach, a cervical length screening program followed by progesterone for those with a short cervix will reduce preterm birth rates by less than 0.5%. The present review assesses evidence on the efficacy, likely impact, and long\u2010term effects of implementing the recommendations for progestogens in full. Clinicians and pregnant women can look forward to resolution of the conflicting views on efficacy once the Patient\u2010Centered Outcomes Research Initiative (PCORI)\u2010funded individual patient data meta\u2010analysis is published.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T02:40:10Z","timestamp":1591843210000},"page":"24-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Progesterone and preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol 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