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Presently, the focus is on the introduction of rapid, technologically less\u2010demanding, affordable HPV testing. However, until such tests become widely available, the momentum that has been gained using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) should not be lost. Countries with limited resources and a heavy burden of cervical cancer, such as Bangladesh and India, introduced and scaled up VIA\u2010based programs with varying degrees of programmatic organization and performance. Despite its limitations, VIA\u2019s simplicity and affordability has allowed these countries to build infrastructure, increase numbers of trained healthcare personnel, and develop a system of multilevel coordination within the health system. Such efforts will have long\u2010term advantages provided that countries have access to an appropriate HPV test and build on their efforts to improve program organization through a strengthened health system, translating lessons learned in program implementation, logistics, and compliance with the new paradigm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T11:53:11Z","timestamp":1605700391000},"page":"40-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Program organization rather than choice of test determines success of cervical cancer screening: Case studies from Bangladesh and India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Neerja","family":"Bhatla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashrafun","family":"Nessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Oncology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Oswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Early Detection Palliative Care Program and Cancer Care Tata Trusts Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shachi","family":"Vashist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Early Detection Palliative Care Program and Cancer Care Tata Trusts Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Partha","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7188.904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/096914104774061056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"United Nations Population Division.World Population Prospects 2019[website].https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/. 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