{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:36:00Z","timestamp":1785576960736,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between obstetric and medical risk factors and stillbirths in a Kenyan set\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2010control study was conducted in four hospitals between August 2018 and April 2019. Two hundred and fourteen women with stillbirths and 428 with live births at more than &gt;28\u00a0weeks of gestation were enrolled. Data collection was via interviews and abstraction from medical records. Outcome variables were stillbirth and live birth; exposure variables were sociodemographic characteristics, and medical and obstetric factors. The two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test and \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables respectively. The association between the exposure and outcome variable was done using logistic regression. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stillbirth was associated with pre\u2010eclampsia without severe features (odds ratio [OR] 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6\u201332.5), pre\u2010eclampsia with severe features (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.4\u201322.8); eclampsia (OR 9.2, 95% CI 2.6\u201332.5), placenta previa (OR 8.6 95% CI 2.8\u201325.9), placental abruption (OR 6.9 95% CI 2.2\u201321.3), preterm delivery(OR 9.5, 95% CI 5.7\u201316), and gestational diabetes mellitus, (OR 11.5, 95% CI 2.5\u201352.6). Stillbirth was not associated with multiparity, anemia, and HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proper antepartum care and surveillance to identify and manage medical and obstetric conditions with the potential to cause stillbirth are recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T17:15:35Z","timestamp":1607706935000},"page":"331-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between obstetric and medical risk factors and stillbirths in a low\u2010income urban setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"George N.","family":"Gwako","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses M.","family":"Obimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Gichangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Deputy Vice\u2010Chancellor Academic, Research and Extension Technical University of Mombasa Mombasa Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Research and Programs Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onesmus W.","family":"Gachuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Were","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00275-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2626-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010018\u20100526\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802559129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050400003801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102393\u201014\u2010142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e7d975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)00954\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31824587bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1050646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102431\u201012\u2010138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v8i1.1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.3.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"711","article-title":"Perinatal mortality contributors in singleton gestation","volume":"19","author":"Ghazi A","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.10.031"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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