{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:52:56Z","timestamp":1789015976820,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GN2788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN2788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To understand the relationship between birth weight and altitude to improve health outcomes in high\u2010altitude populations, to systematically assess the impact of altitude on the likelihood of low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), and to estimate the magnitude of reduced birth weight associated with altitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, OvidEMBASE, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched (from inception to November 11, 2020). Observational, cohort, or case\u2010control studies were included if they reported a high altitude (&gt;2500\u00a0m) and appropriate control population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 2524\u00a0studies identified, 59 were included (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01\u00a0604\u00a0770 pregnancies). Data were abstracted according to PRISMA guidelines, and were pooled using random\u2010effects models. There are greater odds of LBW (odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33\u20131.62, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), SGA (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.08\u20133.28, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.026), and sPTB (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.47, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.016) in high\u2010 versus low\u2010altitude pregnancies. Birth weight decreases by 54.7\u00a0g (\u00b113.0\u00a0g, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.0001) per 1000 m increase in altitude. Average gestational age at delivery was not significantly different.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Globally, the likelihood of adverse perinatal outcomes, including LBW, SGA, and sPTB, increases in high\u2010altitude pregnancies. There is an inverse relationship between birth weight and altitude. 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