{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:56:06Z","timestamp":1788990966697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare characteristics, disease course, and prognosis of spontaneous versus iatrogenic benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study comparing iatrogenic and spontaneous BML.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty cases were included, 12 (60%) spontaneous and 8 (40.0%) iatrogenic with a median follow up of 3.4\u00a0years. The rate of asymptomatic presentation did not differ between study groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.157). When symptoms occurred, dyspnea was more common in the spontaneous group (66.6% vs 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023) and self\u2010palpation was more common in the iatrogenic group (57.1% vs 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023). Intravascular masses were more common in the spontaneous group (66.6% vs 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029). Rate of BML located in abdominal\/pelvic cavity was higher in the iatrogenic group (100.0% vs 41.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014). Of the 12 women in the spontaneous group, 50% had recurrent disease following surgical resection or unresectable lesions surgical resection was successfully attempted in seven of the eight (87.5%) women in the iatrogenic group, with no residual\/recurrent disease. None of the patients died of her disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous and iatrogenic BML can probably be regarded as two separate etiologies of the same pathologic phenomenon, usually with favorable prognosis. However, spontaneous BML may have a less favorable course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T19:15:40Z","timestamp":1626462940000},"page":"110-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spontaneous versus morcellator\u2010related benign metastasizing leiomyoma\u2014A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Tamar","family":"Perri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology Faculty of Medicine Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphna Amitai","family":"Komem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Apter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Chaim Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Inbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging Chaim Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Dick\u2010Necula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1282-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology Faculty of Medicine Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Korach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecologic Oncology Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181d60f93"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"E92","article-title":"Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma: a case report and literature review","volume":"6","author":"Chen S","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-11-163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.05.107"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v10i12.2904","article-title":"Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis status post laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation","volume":"10","author":"Anand N","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Multisystemic benign metastasizing leiomyoma: an unusual condition with an atypical clinical presentation","volume":"2019","author":"Matos F","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"100831","article-title":"Benign metastasizing leiomyoma presenting with miliary pattern and fatal outcome: Case report with molecular analysis & review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Ofori K","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. 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