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Ethical and legal duties require continuity of care when physicians withdraw from patients\u2019 treatment on grounds of conscience. The duty to refer might affect gynecologists when their patients request for example, contraceptive means, sterilization, abortion, medically assisted reproductive procedures, or gender reassignment. Legislation and leading law courts, notably the UK Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Colombia, and professional associations such as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, have clarified the duty to refer. Physicians are expected to cater their individual conscience to their professional ethical and legal duties, favoring their patients\u2019 choices over their personal objections. Physicians can object to \u201chands\u2010on\u201d conduct of procedures they find objectionable, but cannot deny referral on grounds of complicity in what other care providers do.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T17:03:05Z","timestamp":1633885385000},"page":"556-560","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Conscientious objection and the duty to refer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Bernard M.","family":"Dickens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Law Joint Centre for Bioethics University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"152","volume-title":"The Patient\u2010Physician Relation: The Patient as Partner, Part 2 (Medical Ethics)","author":"Veatch RM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Constitution of the World Health Organization.1946. 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