{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T14:42:19Z","timestamp":1793544139704,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To check the quality of oxytocin and tranexamic acid\u2014two recommended products for prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)\u2014used in facilities taking part in an implementation research project to improve PPH diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between September 2020 and August 2021, oxytocin and tranexamic acid products used in the study facilities in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania were collected and transported in cold storage for analysis. Samples were analyzed according to the International (oxytocin) and British Pharmacopeia (tranexamic acid) standards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 17 unique oxytocin products, 33 individual measurements were made. Only six unique products had adequate content and no related substances exceeding the recommended limits. Of 14 tranexamic acid samples, 10 showed adequate content. One product in Kenya and two products in Nigeria from different manufacturers had a high content of related substances, which classified them as substandard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While we were unable to investigate the origin regarding poor manufacturing or poor storage or both, the high number of substandard oxytocin samples is of great concern. Most of the tranexamic acid samples had adequate content but the presence of impurities in multiple products is worrying and requires further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T13:24:30Z","timestamp":1656422670000},"page":"46-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Quality of oxytocin and tranexamic acid for the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Ammerdorffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Concept Foundation  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rushwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concept Foundation  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Timms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women\u2019s Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Beeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women\u2019s Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Devall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women\u2019s Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristie\u2010Marie","family":"Mammoliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women\u2019s Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadhlun M.","family":"Alwy Al\u2010beity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadiza","family":"Galadanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Center of Excellence for Population Health and Policy Bayero University  Kano Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Justus","family":"Hofmeyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"},{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Walter Sisulu University  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandisa","family":"Singata\u2010Madliki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Universities of the Witwatersrand  East London South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahida","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi Kenyatta National Hospital Campus  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis D.","family":"Gallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women\u2019s Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arri","family":"Coomarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women\u2019s Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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