{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:44:50Z","timestamp":1790271890223,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate prevalence and factors that contribute to intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending prenatal care in Bondo sub\u2010county, Western Kenya.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional analysis was conducted in three health facilities in Bondo, Western Kenya, from August 2020 to August 2021. Using systematic sampling 360 pregnant women attending prenatal care were selected. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Risk factors for intimate partner violence were determined using logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the 360 respondents, 127 (35.3%) faced intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Among these, 86 (23.9%) experienced psychological violence, 56 (15.6%) experienced physical abuse, and 59 (16.4%) experienced sexual violence. Unemployment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.90; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.08\u20137.79), the inability to count on parents or siblings for support (aOR 2.48; 95% CI 1.14\u20135.43), and having a partner that drinks alcohol either daily (aOR 4.84; 95% CI 1.69\u201313.88) or occasionally (aOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.16\u20134.13) were independently associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this setting, intimate partner violence prevalence among pregnant women was high. Unemployment, having an alcohol\u2010drinking partner, and the inability to count on parents or siblings for support were contributing factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1650034976000},"page":"106-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending prenatal care in Bondo sub\u2010county, Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2510-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Onuonga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology  Bondo Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Onguru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology  Bondo Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidney","family":"Ogolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kisumu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Mutanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology  Bondo Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: global, regional, and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non\u2010partner sexual violence against women","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1015-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0670-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4872"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(10)36533-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181cbd482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa103"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Intimate partner violence in pregnancy among antenatal attendees at health facilities in West Pokot county, Kenya","volume":"28","author":"Owaka IO","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014","author":"Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health\/Kenya, National AIDS Control Council\/Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute, National Council for Population and Development\/Kenya, and ICF International","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Sampling techniques","author":"Cochran WG","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"WHO multi\u2010country study on women's health and domestic violence against women","author":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Moreno C","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10158782.2009.11441360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1638052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1017-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17870-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOFV.0000032635.42145.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128712466890"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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