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Women who received vaginal progesterone were compared with women who did not receive progesterone. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth before 37\u2009weeks of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who received vaginal progesterone had a lower rate of preterm delivery at less than 37\u2009weeks of pregnancy (18.2% [22\/121] versus 28.9% [73\/253]; adjusted hazard ratio 0.50; 95% confidence interval 0.28\u20130.73, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.001). The diagnosis\u2010to\u2010delivery interval was significantly greater in patients who received progesterone than in those who did not\u2014median time to delivery in weeks: 8.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.2\u20139.8) versus 6.6 (4.8\u20138.8), (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). The frequency of neonatal intensive care unit admission was significantly lower in patients who received progesterone than in those who did not (8.3% [10\/121] versus 16.2% [41\/253], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The administration of vaginal progesterone to patients with an episode of threatened premature labor and a short cervix presenting after 24\u2009weeks of pregnancy was associated with lower rates of premature births.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T15:48:22Z","timestamp":1663429702000},"page":"423-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The role of vaginal progesterone for preterm birth prevention in women with threatened labor and shortened cervix diagnosed after 24\u2009weeks of pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-7866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doron","family":"Kabiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Raif Nesher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Luxenbourg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amihai","family":"Rottenstreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua I.","family":"Rosenbloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosef","family":"Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simcha","family":"Yagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shay","family":"Porat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services  Bethesda\/Detroit Maryland\/Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Detroit Medical Center  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Recommendations on Interventions to Improve Preterm Birth Outcomes. 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