{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:29:17Z","timestamp":1782952157734,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1033514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1033514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011072","name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI50410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI50410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 TW010857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 TW010857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HD075731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD075731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW009340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW009340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW 009340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW 009340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW010558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW010558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the performance of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and body mass index (BMI) for prediction of small for gestational age (SGA) in Zambia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of an ongoing clinical cohort that included women with a single gestation and MUAC measured before 24\u2009weeks of pregnancy. We assessed relationships between maternal MUAC and birth weight centile using regression. The performance of MUAC and BMI to predict SGA was compared using receiver operating characteristic curves and the effect of maternal HIV was investigated in sub\u2010group analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1117 participants, 847 (75%) were HIV\u2010negative (HIV\u2212) and 270 (24%) were HIV\u2010positive (HIV+). Seventy\u2010four (7%) delivered severe SGA infants (&lt;3rd centile), of whom 56 (76%) were HIV\u2212 and 18 (24%) were HIV+ (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58\u20131.75). MUAC was associated with higher birth weight centile (+1.2 centile points, 95% CI 0.7\u20131.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001); this relationship was stronger among HIV+ women (+1.7 centile points, 95% CI 0.8\u20132.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) than HIV\u2212 women (+0.9 centile points, 95% CI 0.4\u20131.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.001). The discriminatory power was similar, albeit poor (area under the curve [AUC]\u2009&lt;\u20090.7), between MUAC and BMI for the prediction of SGA. In stratified analysis, MUAC and BMI showed excellent discrimination predicting severe SGA among HIV+ (AUC 0.83 and 0.81, respectively) but not among HIV\u2212 women (AUC 0.64 and 0.63, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal HIV infection increased the discrimination of both early pregnancy MUAC and BMI for prediction of severe SGA in Zambia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> (NCT02738892).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T09:54:26Z","timestamp":1666259666000},"page":"462-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal mid\u2010upper arm circumference to predict small for gestational age: Findings in a Zambian cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Ashley","family":"Appiagyei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bellington","family":"Vwalika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Zambia School of Medicine  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Bridget","family":"Spelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelyn G.","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chileshe M.","family":"Mabula\u2010Bwalya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Global Projects Zambia  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret P.","family":"Kasaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Global Projects Zambia  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne West","family":"Honart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kumwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Zambia School of Medicine  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S. 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