{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:17:08Z","timestamp":1790637428376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the fetal cardiac morphology and functions of early\u2010onset fetal growth restriction (EO\u2010FGR) and late\u2010onset fetal growth restriction (LO\u2010FGR) groups with gestational weeks\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 164 pregnant women were included, 28 of whom were in the EO\u2010FGR group, 54 in the LO\u2010FGR group, and 82 in the control group. Fetal echocardiographic evaluation was performed with two\u2010dimensional, M\u2010mode, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and pulsed wave Doppler.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal cardiac morphologic measurements and diastolic and systolic functions changed in EO\u2010FGR and LO\u2010FGR fetuses compared with controls. The EO\u2010 and LO\u2010FGR fetuses had reduced right and left cardiac output, increased myocardial performance index, and significantly higher mitral and tricuspid E\/E' ratios compared with controls. The EO\u2010FGR fetuses had lower mitral and tricuspid E and E' values. In LO\u2010FGR fetuses, mitral and tricuspid E' values were lower than in their controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). On the other hand, the mitral and tricuspid E values were not significantly changed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.107 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.196).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that EO\u2010FGR and LO\u2010FGR fetuses had insufficient myocardial maturation. Especially in the LO\u2010FGR fetuses, TDI is the earliest and most sensitive technique to show subtle changes in fetal cardiac functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T12:42:21Z","timestamp":1669898541000},"page":"241-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Assessment of fetal cardiac morphology and functional changes in early\u2010onset and late\u2010onset fetal growth restriction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Oluklu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital  Ankara 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