{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:02:21Z","timestamp":1778904141061,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was three\u2010fold. One, to assess the prevalence of medical traumatization in outpatients of a gynecologic department; two, to analyze the relationship of medical traumatization with adverse childhood events; and three, to investigate the extent to which medical traumatization affects the health outcomes of woman.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between January and September 2022, a prospective cross\u2010sectional study recruited patients of a gynecologic outpatient clinic at St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital in Switzerland. Medical trauma was a self\u2010reported item. The presence of adverse childhood events was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The severity of post\u2010traumatic stress was evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale Revised questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 227 patients were recruited. Medical trauma was reported by 20% of the interviewees and it was strongly associated with obesity (<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.005). Undergoing surgery was most commonly the source of psychological distress (5.7%) followed by delivery (4.8%), pregnancy loss (4.8%), and cancer diagnosis (4.0%). Yet, fewer than 1% of the patients reached the threshold suggesting post\u2010traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found no relationship between the medical trauma, adverse childhood events, cardiovascular disease, or substance abuse. The presence of medical trauma was associated with the patient's body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T08:51:56Z","timestamp":1674723116000},"page":"568-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of medically induced psychological trauma and its influence on women's health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7183-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Krolak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"H\u00e4mmerli\u00a0Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Nobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Germann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2021.0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007810200460"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-021-01192-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","author":"Bernstein DP","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Recording psychological stress effects: the impact of event scale\u2010revised version","volume":"44","author":"Maercker A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.923866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30145-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30377-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826128942.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1771"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1361838"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Swiss Federal Statistical Office.Desire to have children. 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