{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T22:16:55Z","timestamp":1772662615589,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology & Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>To provide clinical guidance for early diagnosis and effective management of primary cesarean scar choriocarcinoma, which is an extremely rare but highly malignant trophoblastic tumor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This retrospective case series summarized the clinical courses of seven patients diagnosed with cesarean scar choriocarcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We identified two patients in our institution with cesarean scar choriocarcinoma. In addition, details of the previous five patients were extracted from databases and analyzed to provide more clinical information. The seven patients had an average age of 31.14\u2009years, their tumor sizes ranged from 2.0 to 6.5\u00a0cm, and their pretreatment serum \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010hCG) levels ranged from 3664 to 312\u2009468 mIU\/mL. All the patients were categorized as having FIGO Stage I disease, with four patients at low risk and three at high risk. Six of the seven were misdiagnosed with ectopic pregnancy before pathologic examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Clinicians should pay attention to masses in cesarean scar and to continuous elevation of serum \u03b2\u2010hCG levels after treatment. When cesarean scar choriocarcinoma is suspected, diagnostic surgery can be chosen for tentative treatment and pathologic sampling. Salvage EMA\u2010CO chemotherapy (etoposide, actinomycin D, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and vincristine) should be performed as early as possible to prevent metastasis and recurrence after pathologic diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T08:04:16Z","timestamp":1675065856000},"page":"433-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Primary cesarean scar choriocarcinoma: A case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Yibao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingfu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 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