{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T11:51:07Z","timestamp":1759146667722,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016263","name":"University Research Board, American University of Beirut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the lessons learned from women who died during pregnancy or childbirth in Lebanon between 2018 and 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a case series and synthesis of maternal deaths between 2018 and 2020 that were reported by healthcare facilities to the Ministry of Public Health in Lebanon. The notes recorded from the maternal mortality review reports were analyzed using the \u201cThree Delays\u201d model to identify preventable causes and lessons learned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 49 women died before, during, or after childbirth, with hemorrhage being the most frequent cause (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916). The possible factors that would have prevented maternal deaths\u00a0included a prompt recognition of clinical severity, availability of blood for transfusion and magnesium sulfate for eclampsia, adequate transfer to tertiary care hospitals comprising specialist care, and involvement of skilled medical staff in obstetric emergencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many maternal deaths in Lebanon are preventable. Better risk assessment, use of an obstetric warning system, access to adequately skilled human resources and medications, and improved communication and transfer mechanisms between private and tertiary care hospitals may avoid future maternal deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T09:49:51Z","timestamp":1682588991000},"page":"922-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maternal mortality is preventable in Lebanon: A case series of maternal deaths to identify lessons learned using the \u201cThree Delays\u201d model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3462-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Claire","family":"Rebeiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faysal","family":"El\u2010Kak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Athena Institute VU University  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randa","family":"Hamadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Healthcare Department, Ministry of Public Health Global Health Team of Experts  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0078-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Maternal mortality.2014. 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