{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:23:50Z","timestamp":1781619830622,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a longitudinal study. Consenting women with normal pregnancy and those admitted on account of threatened miscarriage at an estimated gestational age of 6\u201310\u2009weeks were included in the study. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102) and interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 were measured at the diagnosis of threatened miscarriage (baseline) and in the 13th week of pregnancy. The \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test of association was used to examine the relationship between the pregnancy type and demographic characteristics; clinical history and gynecologic history. Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test was used to compare the selected cytokine between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significantly higher IL\u20102 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033), IFN\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and IL\u201013 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in women with threatened miscarriage than in women with normal pregnancy at the baseline. At the follow up, the results revealed a significantly higher IFN\u2010\u03b3 level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and IL\u20104 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) in women with threatened miscarriage than in women with normal pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proinflammatory cytokine profiles were associated with a higher risk of threatened miscarriage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T06:49:29Z","timestamp":1689749369000},"page":"255-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Lawal Adewale","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine\/University College Hospital Ibadan, University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3284-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf Olatunji","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gbolahan O.","family":"Obajimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine\/University College Hospital Ibadan, University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Fatai Adekunle","family":"Onifade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences College of Medicine\/University College Hospital Ibadan, University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolaji","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Damien Foundation Belgium (Nigeria Project)  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodele O.","family":"Arowojolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine\/University College Hospital Ibadan, University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-4824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran Oludare","family":"Morhason\u2010Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine\/University College Hospital Ibadan, University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00119-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"835","volume-title":"Williams Obstetrics","author":"Cunningham F","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23941-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e8136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7099.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80606-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.10.2219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/631920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0001501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20151286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Late miscarriage. Accessed January 01 2023.https:\/\/www.tommys.org\/baby\u2010loss\u2010support\/miscarriage\u2010information\u2010and\u2010support\/types\u2010of\u2010miscarriage\/late\u2010miscarriage"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.97779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/175041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2020.7.2.0272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00734-z"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"CR529","article-title":"Antenatal care: a comparison of demographic and obstetric characteristics of early and late attenders in The Niger Delta, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Ebeigbe PN","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.70959"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijgo.15009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T05:03:07Z","timestamp":1703912587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijgo.15009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijgo.15009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.15009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}